原文標題： US and Australia sign critical-minerals agreement as a way to counter China 原文連結：https://tinyurl.com/2rp2utn8 發布時間：Updated 4:54 AM GMT+8, October 21, 2025 記者署名：By SEUNG MIN KIM and AAMER MADHANI 原文內容： WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump and Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese signed a critical-minerals deal at the White House on Monday as the U.S. eyes the continent’s rich rare-earth resources when China is imposing tougher rules on exporting its own critical minerals abroad. 華盛頓（美聯社）—— 美國總統唐納德·川普與澳洲總理安東尼·阿爾巴尼斯週一在白 宮簽署了一項關鍵礦物協議。此時美國正注視澳洲豐富的稀土資源，而中國則正在對自身 關鍵礦物的出口施加更嚴格的管制。 The two leaders described the agreement as an $8.5 billion deal between the allies. Trump said it had been negotiated over several months. 兩位領導人表示，這是一項總額達85億美元的盟國合作協議。川普指出，該協議已談判數 月之久。 “In about a year from now we’ll have so much critical mineral and rare earth that you won’t know what to do with them,” said Trump, a Republican, boasting about the deal. “They’ll be worth $2.” 共和黨籍的川普誇耀道：「大約一年後，我們將擁有多到不知道該怎麼處理的關鍵礦物與 稀土。它們的價格可能只值兩美元而已。」 Albanese added that the agreement takes the U.S.-Australia relationship “to the next level.” 阿爾巴尼斯補充說，這項協議將美澳關係「提升到新的層次」。 Earlier this month, Beijing announced that it will require foreign companies to get approval from the Chinese government to export magnets containing even trace amounts of rare-earth materials that originated from China or were produced with Chinese technology. The Trump administration says this gives China broad power over the global economy by controlling the tech supply chain . 本月稍早，北京宣布將要求外國企業在出口任何含有中國來源或使用中國技術生產的稀土 磁體時，必須獲得中國政府批准。川普政府表示，這讓中國能透過控制科技供應鏈而對全 球經濟施加廣泛影響力。 “Australia is really, really going to be helpful in the effort to take the global economy and make it less risky, less exposed to the kind of rare earth extortion that we’re seeing from the Chinese,” Kevin Hassett, the director of the White House’s National Economic Council, told reporters Monday morning ahead of Trump’s meeting with Albanese. 白宮國家經濟委員會主任凱文·哈塞特在川普與阿爾巴尼斯會面前對記者說：「澳洲將在 降低全球經濟風險、減少受到中國式稀土勒索方面，發揮非常、非常關鍵的作用。」 Hassett noted that Australia has one of the best mining economies in the world , while praising its refiners and its abundance of rare earth resources. Among the Australian officials accompanying Albanese are ministers overseeing resources and industry and science, and Australia has dozens of critical minerals sought by the U.S. because they are needed in everything from fighter jets and electric vehicles to laptops and phones. 哈塞特指出，澳洲是全球最強的礦業經濟體之一，稱讚其精煉產業與稀土儲量豐富。隨同 阿爾巴尼斯訪美的澳洲官員包括負責資源、工業與科技的部長。澳洲擁有數十種美國迫切 需要的關鍵礦物，廣泛應用於戰機、電動車、筆電與手機等產品。 The agreement could have an immediate impact on rare earth supplies in the United States if American companies can secure some of what Australian mines are already producing, although it will take years — if not decades — to develop enough of a supply of rare earths outside of China to reduce their dominance. 若美國企業能確保取得部分澳洲礦產現有產量，該協議可能立即影響美國的稀土供應。然 而，要在中國以外地區建立足夠產能以削弱中國主導地位，仍需數年，甚至數十年。 Pini Althaus, who founded USA Rare Earth back in 2019 and is now working to develop new mines in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as CEO of Cove Capital, said it will be crucial that the contracts to buy materials from Australian mines include price floors, similar to what the U.S. government promised MP Materials this summer, to protect against China manipulating prices. 美國稀土公司（USA Rare Earth）創辦人、現任Cove Capital執行長皮尼·阿爾陶斯表示 ，與澳洲礦商簽約時，必須設有價格底線條款，類似美國政府今年夏天對MP Materials的 承諾，以防中國透過傾銷操縱市場價格。 For decades, China has used the tactic of dumping excess critical minerals onto the market to drive prices down to force mining companies in the rest of the world out of business to eliminate any competition. 數十年來，中國一直利用將過剩礦物傾銷市場、壓低價格的策略，迫使他國礦業企業破產 ，以消除競爭。 “Taking away that arrow of China’s to be able to manipulate pricing is a crucial first step for Australia and the West to be able to develop critical minerals projects to meet our demands,” said Althaus, who has spent nearly a quarter-century in the mining business. 阿爾陶斯說：「拔除中國操縱價格的這支箭，是澳洲與西方能夠發展自身關鍵礦業以滿足 需求的第一步。」他在礦業已有近25年經驗。 The agreement underscores how the U.S. is using its global allies to counter China, especially as it weaponizes its traditional dominance in rare earth materials. Top Trump officials have used the tactics from Beijing as a rallying cry for the U.S. and its allies to work together to try to minimize China’s influence. 這份協議凸顯出美國正利用全球盟友抗衡中國，特別是在中國將其稀土主導地位武器化之 際。川普政府高層以北京的策略為號召，呼籲美國與盟友合作，以盡量削弱中國影響力。 “China is a command-and-control economy, and we and our allies will neither be commanded nor controlled,” Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said last week . “They are a state economy and we are not going to let a group of bureaucrats in Beijing try to manage the global supply chains.” 財政部長史考特·貝森特上週說：「中國是指令式經濟體，而我們與盟友不會被命令或控 制。他們是國家控制的經濟，我們不會讓北京的一群官僚來操縱全球供應鏈。」 The level of investment outlined in the agreement shows how serious the two nations are about addressing the problem. 協議所規劃的投資規模顯示兩國對解決此問題的決心之強。 “The U.S. and Australia will invest over $3 billion in joint critical minerals projects within six months. That’s a somewhat unprecedented speed of capital injection,” said Gracelin Baskaran, director of the Critical Minerals Security Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington. 華府戰略與國際研究中心（CSIS）「關鍵礦物安全計畫」主任葛蕾絲琳·巴斯卡蘭指出： 「美澳將在六個月內共同投資超過30億美元於關鍵礦產專案，這樣的資金注入速度幾乎前 所未見。」 But Althaus cautioned that Australia can’t supply everything the United States needs, so it is crucial that American continues to invest in the long- term effort to develop other mining and processing projects both at home and in friendly nations. He said central Asia might be one of the most promising places to invest because the region has significant rare earth reserves, and the Soviet Union already did some of the initial development work when it controlled that territory. That could cut years off the time it will take to build a new mine there. 但阿爾陶斯警告說，澳洲無法滿足美國所有需求，因此美國必須繼續在國內及友邦推動長 期礦業與精煉計畫。他指出，中亞可能是最具潛力的投資地區之一，因該區蘊藏豐富稀土 儲量，且蘇聯時期已完成部分基礎開發，能節省多年建礦時間。 “Keep in mind, China has almost a 40-year head start on us,” Althaus said. “We have at least a couple of decades to catch up to China in terms of being able to meet our own supply chain processes.” 阿爾陶斯說：「要記住，中國比我們領先將近40年。我們至少需要二十年，才能在供應鏈 自給上追趕上中國。」 Albanese’s visit comes just before Trump is planning to meet with Chinese President Xi Jinping in South Korea later this month. 阿爾巴尼斯的訪問正值川普預定於本月稍晚在南韓與中國國家主席習近平會面之前。 The security partnership Another topic of discussion was AUKUS, a security pact with Australia, the U.S . and the United Kingdom that was signed during U.S. President Joe Biden’s Democratic administration. 另一討論議題是AUKUS——由美國、澳洲與英國組成的安全協定，簽署於拜登政府時期。 Trump noted Monday that AUKUS was established “a while ago” but that the agreement now is “moving along very rapidly, very well.” Albanese said that “our defense and security partnership with AUKUS is so important for us.” 川普週一指出，AUKUS「建立已有一段時間」，但目前「進展非常迅速而順利」。阿爾巴 尼斯表示：「AUKUS對我們的防衛與安全合作至關重要。」 John Phelan, the Navy secretary, said that the U.S. wants to take the original AUKUS framework and improve it for the three signatory countries while clarifying “some of the ambiguity” in it. 美國海軍部長約翰·菲倫表示，美方希望在原有AUKUS框架上進行改進，並釐清協議中「 一些模糊之處」，使三國皆受益。 “So it should be a win-win for everybody,” Phelan said. 菲倫說：「因此這應該是三方共贏。」 The center-left Albanese was reelected in May and suggested shortly after his win that his party increased its majority by not modeling itself on Trumpism. 中間偏左的阿爾巴尼斯於五月連任，並在勝選後表示，他的政黨能擴大多數席次，部分原 因是「沒有效法川普主義」。 “Australians have chosen to face global challenges the Australian way, looking after each other while building for the future,” Albanese told supporters during his victory speech. 阿爾巴尼斯在勝選演說中對支持者說：「澳洲人選擇以澳洲方式面對全球挑戰——彼此照 顧，同時建設未來。」 心得/評論： 此協議的本質，是美國為「去中國化」稀土供應鏈所做的最大一步。 稀土在戰機、導彈、電動車、半導體製造等領域皆不可或缺。 中國目前仍掌握：全球稀土開採約 60%–70%； 全球稀土精煉加工能力約 85%–90%。 因此，即使美國能開採原礦， 若無法脫離中國的加工鏈，仍受制於中國。 https://i.urusai.cc/OyrxL.JPG -- ※ 發信站: 批踢踢實業坊(ptt.cc), 來自: 150.117.197.145 (臺灣) ※ 文章網址: https://webptt.cc/bbs/Stock/M.1761011088.A.D6B.html